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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Non-contact, Label-free Monitoring of Cells and Extracellular Matrix using Raman Spectroscopy
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Label-free estimation of regulatory T cell activation markers using Raman spectroscopy with machine learning.

Aria Azari-Pour1,2,3, Ali Chamkalani4,5, Shreyas Rangan4,5

  • 1Center for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. aa2479@cam.ac.uk.

Scientific Reports
|November 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a non-invasive Raman spectroscopy method to monitor regulatory T cell activation. This technique accurately estimates cell activation markers, aiding clinical manufacturing processes.

Keywords:
Activation markersEstimationMachine learningRaman spectroscopyT cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial immune cells with significant clinical interest for expansion.
  • Monitoring Treg activation is vital for process control in manufacturing but current methods are invasive and costly.
  • A non-invasive, on-line method for Treg activation monitoring is urgently needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a non-invasive method for monitoring regulatory T cell activation states.
  • To utilize Raman spectroscopy and data analytics for accurate estimation of Treg activation markers.
  • To enable real-time monitoring in clinical manufacturing settings.

Main Methods:

  • Employed Raman spectroscopy, a label-free optical technique, for data acquisition.
  • Developed an [Formula: see text]-regularized least-squares model using spectroscopic data from six Treg donors.
  • Validated the model using spectroscopic data from two independent external Treg donors.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high accuracy in quantitatively estimating Treg activation markers.
  • Successfully validated the model's predictive capability on unseen data.
  • Demonstrated a robust program for effective Treg activation state estimation.

Conclusions:

  • A non-invasive Raman spectroscopy-based method can accurately monitor Treg activation.
  • This approach can be integrated with on-line probes for cell manufacturing.
  • The developed method offers a label-free, efficient alternative for Treg process monitoring.