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Updated: May 1, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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Surgical Outcomes Following Neoadjuvant-Targeted Therapy for Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer-Real-World Data.

Alexandra Dorman1,2, Genady Shendler2,3, Anton Warshavsky1,2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.

Clinical Endocrinology
|November 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neoadjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) improved surgical outcomes in advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Elevated TSH levels indicated a positive treatment response, aiding in treatment decisions for unresectable DTC.

Keywords:
TKIsneoadjuvant therapyorgan preservationthyroid neoplasmstumour resectability

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) management is primarily surgical, but advanced cases invading critical structures pose challenges.
  • Neoadjuvant therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is explored to enhance resectability and reduce surgical morbidity in advanced DTC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant TKI therapy in patients with advanced or unresectable DTC.
  • To assess the impact of neoadjuvant TKIs on surgical outcomes and identify potential biomarkers for treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 9 advanced DTC patients treated with neoadjuvant lenvatinib or dabrafenib/trametinib followed by surgery.
  • Radiologic response assessed by RECIST 1.1 criteria; surgical outcomes evaluated by morbidity and margin involvement.
  • Correlation of TSH levels with treatment response analyzed.

Main Results:

  • No disease progression observed during a median 5-month TKI therapy.
  • A median 23.53% reduction in tumour burden was noted, improving resectability.
  • All patients achieved successful surgical resection with critical structure preservation; elevated TSH correlated with positive response (p=0.028).

Conclusions:

  • Neoadjuvant TKIs show promise in improving surgical outcomes for advanced DTC.
  • Radiological and TSH-based biomarkers can guide treatment decisions regarding duration and extent of surgery.