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Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...

Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant

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When placed in an external electric field, a dielectric material gets polarized. The charge density in the dielectric material is given by the sum of the bound and free charge densities, while the total charge density can also be written in terms of the total electric field. The bound charge density can be measured in terms of polarization, leading to the relationship between electric displacement and polarization.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

State-of-Polarization-Based Refractive Index Sensing Using Dielectric Metasurfaces.

Shobhita Kramadhati¹, Akhila Mallavarapu², Cherie R Kagan^1,2,3

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.

|November 7, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Dielectric metasurfaces can sense refractive index (RI) changes. This study demonstrates a new method using the state-of-polarization (SOP) for enhanced RI sensing, improving signal-to-noise ratio.

Keywords:

dielectric metasurfaces ellipticity nanocrystal nanoimprint lithography polarization sensing

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Published on: September 25, 2020

Area of Science:

Nanophotonics and Metamaterials
Sensing Technologies
Materials Science

Background:

Dielectric metasurfaces are sensitive to their surrounding dielectric environment, enabling applications in refractive index (RI) sensing.
Current RI sensing methods often rely on colorimetric modalities (wavelength or intensity shifts), requiring broadband detection and potentially limiting the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a scalable fabrication method for anisotropic titanium dioxide (TiO2) metasurfaces.
To demonstrate the use of state-of-polarization (SOP) as a sensing modality for RI sensing, offering an alternative to traditional colorimetric methods.

Main Methods:

Scalable fabrication of TiO2 metasurfaces with controlled structural anisotropy via a one-step nanocrystal ink-based nanoimprinting process.
Structural characterization of the fabricated metasurfaces.
Measurement of transmission and polarization ellipticity spectra in various RI environments.

Main Results:

Successful fabrication of anisotropic TiO2 metasurfaces.
Experimental demonstration of RI sensing using the state-of-polarization (SOP) of light.
Monochromatic humidity sensing achieved, validating SOP-based sensing even with minimal resonance wavelength shifts.

Conclusions:

State-of-polarization (SOP) offers a viable and potentially superior modality for refractive index (RI) sensing with dielectric metasurfaces.
The developed fabrication technique allows for scalable production of metasurfaces suitable for advanced sensing applications.
This approach enhances sensor performance by enabling monochromatic detection and improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).