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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

3.1K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
3.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

1.1K
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
1.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.2K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.2K
Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

1.4K
An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
1.4K
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

11.4K
A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
11.4K
Magnetic Moment of an Electron01:23

Magnetic Moment of an Electron

2.7K
Electrons revolving around a nucleus are analogous to a circular current carrying loop. This current produces a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the electron's orbital angular momentum. Since the orbital angular momentum is quantized in terms of the reduced Planck's constant, the dipole moment is quantized in the Bohr Magneton. The value of the Bohr magneton is 9.27 x 10-24 Am2. Electrons also have an intrinsic spin angular momentum, and the associated spin magnetic moment is...
2.7K

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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Quantification of Cellular Densities and Antigenic Properties using Magnetic Levitation
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Quantification of Cellular Densities and Antigenic Properties using Magnetic Levitation

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Magnetic levitation-based determination of single-nuclei density.

Muge Anil-Inevi1, Oyku Sarigil1, Yagmur Ceren Unal2

  • 1Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Bioengineering, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.

Biomaterials Advances
|November 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Magnetic levitation now measures the density of cell nuclei, offering a new tool for understanding cell biology and disease. This technique precisely quantifies subcellular physical parameters for improved diagnostics.

Keywords:
Biophysical profilingCellular biomarkersDensity-based nucleus analysisMagnetic levitationSubcellular compartments

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cellular and subcellular biophysical properties are crucial for understanding biological functions and disease states.
  • Single-cell density is an emerging biomarker for disease detection, necessitating precise measurement techniques.
  • Magnetic levitation offers advantages for single-cell density analysis, but its application to subcellular compartments was unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce magnetic levitation for the density-based analysis of cell nuclei.
  • To optimize magnetic levitation parameters for nuclear density measurements.
  • To assess the utility of nuclear density analysis in response to cell cycle perturbations and cell death.

Main Methods:

  • Applied magnetic levitation technology to analyze the density of isolated cell nuclei.
  • Systematically investigated paramagnetic agents, sample concentrations, and equilibrium times for nuclear levitation.
  • Mapped nuclear density distributions and analyzed density changes under various cellular conditions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully adapted magnetic levitation for precise density analysis of cell nuclei.
  • Demonstrated distinct nuclear density profiles across different cell lines.
  • Observed changes in nuclear density correlating with cell cycle status and cell death mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Magnetic levitation is a powerful tool for subcellular density analysis, specifically for cell nuclei.
  • This technology has potential applications in cell biology research and clinical diagnostics.
  • Understanding subcellular physical parameters like nuclear density can enhance disease detection and biological insights.