Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease: Ebstein Anomaly

Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital tricuspid valve malformation that leads to structural distortion of the right heart and predisposes to diverse arrhythmias. Accessory pathways-often multiple and located along the displaced annulus-frequently give rise to reentrant tachycardias. Ventricular arrhythmias, though less common, pose a persistent risk of sudden cardiac death. Surgical interventions, particularly valve repair or replacement, can introduce further anatomic complexity and potential arrhythmic foci. Comprehensive pre-operative electrophysiologic evaluation and ablation can mitigate peri-operative and post-operative arrhythmic complications. Long-term surveillance remains critical, given the progressive nature of right heart involvement and the evolving landscape of valve treatments.