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Grape LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) proteins VvLBD11 and VvLBD28 repress anthocyanin production. They inhibit gene expression and block anthocyanin transport, revealing a dual regulatory mechanism in grapes.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Plant Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Anthocyanins are vital plant pigments with nutritional benefits.
  • LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) proteins are key transcription factors in plant development.
  • The precise role of LBD proteins in regulating anthocyanin deposition remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize grape (Vitis vinifera) LBD transcription factors involved in anthocyanin accumulation.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which these LBD proteins regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport.

Main Methods:

  • Yeast two-hybrid assays and co-immunoprecipitation to identify protein interactions.
  • Analysis of gene expression using quantitative PCR.
  • Localization studies to determine protein function in the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Main Results:

  • Two grape LBD proteins, VvLBD11 and VvLBD28, were identified as negative regulators of anthocyanin accumulation.
  • VvLBD11/28 interact with TOPLESS co-repressors and disrupt the MBW transcription complex, inhibiting anthocyanin gene expression.
  • VvLBD11/28 also interfere with the anthocyanin transporter VvGST4, reducing vacuolar transport.

Conclusions:

  • VvLBD11 and VvLBD28 employ a dual mechanism to repress anthocyanin accumulation in grape.
  • This involves simultaneous inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthesis and intracellular transport pathways.
  • These findings provide novel insights into the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of fruit coloration.