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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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[MODERN TRENDS IN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN HEALTHCARE].

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[ALEKSANDR SEMENOVICH LURYE - NEUROSURGEON, ONCOLOGIST AND HEALTHCARE ORGANIZER].

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[Educational trajectories of professional competence formation among healthcare professionals (using the example of legal competence)].

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[SOCIAL AND MEDICAL DETERMINANTS OF AGING (OVERVIEW)].

A A Kukshina1, N N Kamynina1, V M Kuraeva1

  • 1Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management, 115088, Moscow, Russia.

Problemy Sotsial'Noi Gigieny, Zdravookhraneniia I Istorii Meditsiny
|November 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Population aging is a global challenge. This review highlights socioeconomic status, education, social isolation, lifestyle, and medical factors as key determinants influencing healthy aging and quality of life for older adults.

Keywords:
active longevity indexagingmedical determinantsreviewsocial determinantssocioeconomic status

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Population aging presents a significant global challenge.
  • Understanding the determinants of aging is crucial for public health policy.
  • Existing research requires synthesis to inform interventions against premature aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize key social and medical determinants of aging.
  • To identify factors influencing the quality of life in older adults.
  • To inform policy development for combating premature aging.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA methodology.
  • Analysis of 45 scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025.
  • Synthesis of evidence on social, medical, genetic, and environmental aging determinants.

Main Results:

  • Low socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to increased risks of dementia, multimorbidity, and accelerated aging.
  • Higher education and programs like 'Universities of the Third Age' enhance vitality.
  • Social isolation correlates with cognitive decline and depression.
  • Chronic diseases, frailty, sarcopenia, lifestyle, and environmental pollution significantly impact aging.
  • Limited access to geriatric care, especially in low-income countries, is a concern, though telemedicine shows promise.

Conclusions:

  • Socioeconomic status, education, social engagement, lifestyle, and medical conditions are principal determinants of aging quality.
  • Addressing these factors is essential for developing effective policies to promote healthy aging.
  • Interventions should focus on improving access to care, promoting healthy lifestyles, and mitigating social isolation.