Pediatric Hepatitis-Associated Aplastic Anemia
1Department of Pediatrics, Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) is a rare but life-threatening disorder that requires early recognition and intervention. Pediatricians play a critical role in identifying cases where acute hepatitis transitions to severe bone marrow failure. This review presents the diagnostic and therapeutic complexities associated with HAAA, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Key topics include the pathophysiology of immune-mediated marrow suppression, diagnostic strategies (eg, immunophenotyping, bone marrow biopsy), and management approaches (eg, immunosuppressive therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation). The review also highlights emerging evidence on viral triggers, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and underscores the need for heightened clinical awareness and standardized treatment strategies.
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