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Chemistry and biological properties of Ascaridole: A systematic review
Andres Camilo Moreno Abadia1, Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto1
1Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese orgânica (LaFiS), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.
Abstract:
Ascaridole is an endoperoxide monoterpene with a distinctive peroxide bridge, predominantly sourced from Dysphania ambrosioides. This compound exhibits broad-spectrum biological activities including antiparasitic (antileishmanial, antimalarial, antitrypanosomal), anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Studies suggest that its mechanism of action involves ROS generation through peroxide group activation, which may induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction via artemisinin-like pathways. Although its efficacy has been demonstrated in various experimental models, its therapeutic application faces limitations, mainly due to the scarcity of studies evaluating its activity as an isolated compound. Future investigations should prioritize rigorous preclinical and clinical studies using purified ascaridole to establish comprehensive safety profiles and validate its development as a therapeutic agent. This systematic review addresses the underexplored therapeutic potential of ascaridole by providing an integrated analysis of its chemical, phytochemical, and biological properties. The review synthesizes current knowledge, identifies existing research limitations, and outlines strategic perspectives for advancing ascaridole development as a novel therapeutic candidate.
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