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Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
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Algorithm for interferometric phase signal demodulation using a 3×3 coupler.

Xi Chen, Yulin Qiu, Weimin Lyu

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a new phase demodulation algorithm combining principal component analysis (PCA) and ellipse fitting (EFA) for interferometric sensing. The PCA-EFA method significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio and reduces distortion, enhancing sensing accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Signal Processing
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Accurate phase demodulation is critical for high-precision interferometric sensing.
    • Conventional methods struggle with noise sensitivity and channel mismatches in 3x3 coupler-based systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a robust phase demodulation algorithm for interferometric sensing.
    • To overcome limitations of existing methods in noise suppression and accuracy.

    Main Methods:

    • A novel algorithm combining Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and nonlinear least-squares Ellipse Fitting (EFA).
    • PCA is used for signal projection onto a 2D subspace, enhancing noise immunity.
    • Trust-Region Reflective (TRF) optimization is employed for stable and accurate ellipse fitting.

    Main Results:

    • The PCA-EFA approach improved mean Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) by 4.26 dB compared to pairwise EFA.
    • Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) was reduced by an average of 3.27%.
    • Excellent amplitude linearity (R²=99.9908%) and robustness for low phase amplitudes (as low as π/8) were achieved.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed PCA-EFA algorithm offers superior accuracy, robustness, and noise immunity for phase demodulation.
    • This method is highly suitable for advanced interferometric sensing applications.
    • The algorithm effectively addresses challenges posed by noise and channel mismatches.