Early and delayed post-cesarean complications: an imaging review

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Obstetrics & Gynecology
• Surgical Imaging

Background:

• Cesarean delivery is a prevalent procedure, comprising one-third of US live births.
• Distinguishing normal uterine recovery from complications post-cesarean delivery can be challenging.
• Familiarity with expected imaging findings and their evolution is crucial for radiologists.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathophysiology and timeline of expected post-cesarean imaging findings.
• To outline common acute and delayed complications following cesarean delivery.
• To aid radiologists in accurate diagnosis and prompt patient management.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on post-cesarean delivery imaging.
• Discussion of expected findings (e.g., debris, hematoma, edema) and their evolution.
• Categorization of complications into acute and delayed presentations.

Main Results:

• Expected findings include endometrial cavity debris, small hematomas, and peri-incisional edema.
• Acute complications encompass hematomas, dehiscence, endometritis, and vascular issues.
• Delayed complications include scar niche, ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis, and adhesions.

Conclusions:

• Radiologists must recognize expected post-cesarean findings to differentiate them from complications.
• Understanding the timeline of imaging changes is key for diagnosis.
• This knowledge facilitates timely and accurate patient management.