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Related Concept Videos

Comparison between RL and RC circuits01:24

Comparison between RL and RC circuits

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An RC circuit consists of resistance and capacitance, while in an RL circuit, capacitance is replaced by an inductor. RL and RC circuits are first-order differential circuits that store energy. An RC circuit stores energy in the electric field, while an RL circuit stores energy in the magnetic field. When connected to a battery, an RC circuit charges the capacitor, causing the current to decrease from maximum to zero upon being fully charged. This increases the voltage across the capacitor from...
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Mesh Analysis for AC Circuits01:12

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In the domain of radio communication, the significance of impedance matching must be considered. It is crucial to ensure the efficient transmission of signals between radio transmitters and receivers. Achieving this balance involves using impedance-matching circuits, with one fundamental configuration comprising a resistor, capacitor, and inductor.
The process of harmonizing these impedances begins with a clear understanding of the input and output signals. Once these signals are known, the...
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Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

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Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
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Parallel RLC Circuits01:14

Parallel RLC Circuits

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Street lamps equipped with RLC surge protectors are an excellent example of applying circuit analysis in practical scenarios. These surge protectors safeguard the lamp's components against sudden voltage spikes.
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Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit01:24

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Series resonance occurs in a circuit containing inductive (L), capacitive (C), and resistive (R) elements connected sequentially. At the resonance frequency, the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, effectively canceling each other. This causes the circuit's impedance is minimal, primarily determined by the resistance R. The resonant frequency of an RLC circuit is defined as:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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Comparative analysis of printed electronics technologies in RF and microwave circuits.

Saeedeh Lotfi1, Martin Janda2, Jan Reboun2

  • 1Department of Materials and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic. saeedelotfi65@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|November 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Printed electronics offer cost-effective, flexible microwave circuit prototyping. This study evaluates Direct-Write, Screen Printing, and Aerosol Jet Printing for fabricating low-pass filters, confirming their viability for high-frequency applications.

Keywords:
Aerosol Jet Printing (AJP)Dispenser PrintingMicrostrip Low-Pass Filter (LPF)MicrowavePrinted ElectronicsScreen Printing (SP)

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Printed electronics (PE) provide a cost-effective, flexible alternative to traditional photolithography for fabricating electronic components.
  • High-frequency microwave applications benefit significantly from PE's rapid prototyping capabilities and reduced material waste.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, fabricate, and evaluate microstrip low-pass filters (LPFs) using three distinct additive manufacturing techniques.
  • To assess the performance of LPFs fabricated via Direct-Write (DW), Screen Printing (SP), and Aerosol Jet Printing (AJP) for microwave circuits.

Main Methods:

  • Electromagnetic simulations and LC equivalent circuit modeling were employed for LPF design and analysis.
  • Over 60 LPF samples were fabricated using DW, SP, and AJP techniques.
  • Electrical performance was evaluated through measured frequency responses.

Main Results:

  • Measured frequency responses of the fabricated LPFs showed strong agreement with simulation results, validating all three printing methods.
  • Each printing technique exhibited unique trade-offs concerning resolution, fabrication complexity, and electrical performance.
  • The study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using DW, SP, and AJP for creating functional microwave components.

Conclusions:

  • Additive manufacturing techniques are effective for fabricating RF and microwave circuits using printed electronics.
  • Method selection for PE fabrication should be tailored to specific application requirements based on performance trade-offs.
  • This research provides practical insights for researchers designing and fabricating high-frequency circuits with printed electronics.