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Related Experiment Video

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Periodontitis and Tooth Loss Are Associated With Higher Risks of Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Umbrella

Balen Hamid Qadir1, Mohammed Khalid Mahmood2, Yad Mariwan Mohammed Amin3

  • 1Department of Dentistry, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq.

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research
|November 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Periodontal disease (PD) is linked to a higher risk of cognitive disorders (CDs) in older adults. This umbrella meta-analysis confirms a significant association between PD and developing CDs.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseasecognitive declinecognitive disordercognitive impairmentdementiaperiodontal diseaseperiodontitistooth loss

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Periodontal disease (PD) and cognitive disorders (CDs) are prevalent conditions in aging populations.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between oral health and cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an umbrella meta-analysis assessing the association between periodontal disease and cognitive disorders.
  • To synthesize findings from existing meta-analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Searched PubMed and MEDLINE databases for relevant meta-analyses up to June 2025.
  • Utilized odds ratios (OR) and relative risks (RR) for comparative analysis.
  • Included 20 meta-analyses in the final pooled analysis.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with PD demonstrated increased odds of having or developing all types of CDs (OR = 1.65).
  • Severe periodontitis showed a substantially higher risk for cognitive disorders (OR = 2.69).
  • Pooled analysis of cohort studies indicated a significant relative risk (RR = 1.26).

Conclusions:

  • Periodontal disease is associated with cognitive disorders.
  • The certainty of evidence for this association is low to moderate, as measured by GRADE.