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Sumac Polyphenols as Pan-Herpesvirus Inhibitors.

Shavkat I Salikhov1, Yuliya I Oshchepkova1, Jamolitdin F Ziyavitdinov1

  • 1Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Plant-derived polyphenols, like geraniin and Rutan from sumac, show broad-spectrum antiviral activity. These safe compounds effectively suppress herpes simplex viruses, human cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus, aiding pandemic preparedness.

Keywords:
Epstein–Barr virusSARS-CoV-2cytomegalovirusgeraniumherpes simplex virus type 1herpes simplex virus type 2influenza A viruspolyphenolssumac

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Virology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Pandemic preparedness requires broad-spectrum antivirals effective against diverse pathogens.
  • Plant polyphenols exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral properties by targeting multiple viral and cellular components.
  • Identifying safe, plant-derived polyphenols is crucial for developing novel antiviral countermeasures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the broad-spectrum antiviral potential of safe, human-confirmed plant polyphenols.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of geraniin and Rutan constituents against herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), human cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of ellagitannin geraniin and galloylglucose constituents (Rutan, R5-R8) from *Geranium sanguineum* and *Rhus coriaria* (sumac).
  • In vitro assessment of antiviral activity against HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, and EBV.
  • Comparative analysis of the inhibitory effects of individual polyphenols and Rutan.

Main Results:

  • Geraniin and Rutan constituents demonstrated activity against HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, and EBV.
  • Rutan and R5 showed significant inhibition of intracellular CMV and EBV replication.
  • Geraniin exhibited specific activity against HSV-2, while Rutan and R7 were more potent against HSV-1.

Conclusions:

  • Sumac polyphenols, including geraniin and Rutan constituents, possess broad-spectrum antiviral capabilities against multiple Orthoherpesviridae subfamilies.
  • These findings support the development of sumac-derived polyphenols as potential broad-spectrum antiviral agents for pandemic preparedness.
  • This study highlights the potential of ethnobotanical sources for discovering novel antiviral compounds.