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Cellular Metabolic Responses to Copper Nanoparticles: Comparison Between Normal and Breast Cancer Cells.

Alexandra Ivan^1,2, Maria-Alexandra Pricop^2,3, Alexandra Teodora Lukinich-Gruia²

¹Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Immuno-Physiology (CIFBIOTEH), University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Eftimie Murgu Sq. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|November 13, 2025

Summary

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) show promise as a low-cost cancer therapy. Higher CuNP doses effectively reduced breast cancer cells (SKBR3) while sparing healthy stem cells (MSCs), indicating potential for personalized treatment.

Keywords:

in vitro toxicity metabolomics nanomaterials oxidative stress

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Area of Science:

Nanomedicine
Biotechnology
Oncology

Background:

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) offer a cost-effective approach for cancer therapy.
Investigating CuNP effects on cancer cells and healthy stem cells is crucial for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the cytotoxic and metabolic effects of varying CuNP concentrations on SKBR3 breast cancer cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
To explore the potential of CuNPs as a targeted cancer therapeutic agent.

Main Methods:

CuNP cytotoxicity assessed using impedance-based assays.
Cellular responses evaluated via apoptosis assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, gene expression analysis (CAT, SOD), mitochondrial respiration assessment, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling.

Main Results:

Higher CuNP concentrations demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in SKBR3 cell index and induced apoptosis.
SKBR3 cells showed increased CAT and SOD gene expression and higher baseline respiratory capacity compared to MSCs.
MSCs exhibited a higher abundance of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) than SKBR3 cells.

Conclusions:

CuNPs exhibit selective toxicity towards breast cancer cells (SKBR3) over mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
Differential metabolic profiles and responses to CuNPs suggest potential for personalized breast cancer treatment strategies.