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Reproducing Cold-Chain Conditions in Real Time Using a Controlled Peltier-Based Climate System.

Javier M Garrido-López1, Alfonso P Ramallo-González1, Manuel Jiménez-Buendía1

  • 1Department of Automation, Electrical Engineering and Electronic Technology, ETSII, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), European University of Technology, 30202 Cartagena, Spain.

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Summary

A new portable climate chamber accurately replicates cold-chain temperature histories, crucial for food quality testing. This system enhances shelf-life studies and reduces food waste by providing reliable lab conditions.

Keywords:
cascade 2-DOF PID controlcold-chain simulationenvironmental sensingphysical twinshelf-life predictionsupply-chain optimizationthermoelectric climate chamber

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Engineering
  • Control Systems

Background:

  • Temperature fluctuations during refrigerated transport compromise food quality and shelf life.
  • Reproducing realistic cold-chain temperature profiles in laboratory settings is technically difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a compact, portable climate chamber capable of high-fidelity reproduction of real refrigerated-truck temperature histories.
  • To create a reliable platform for cold-chain experiments and predictive modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Peltier modules and an identification-guided control architecture with cascaded PID regulators.
  • Implemented advanced control strategies including derivative filtering, anti-windup, Smith predictor, and hysteresis-based switching.
  • Integrated distributed sensors for real-time temperature and humidity feedback.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high accuracy in reproducing long-term (36-day) temperature traces with minimal error (MAE≅0.19 °C, RMSE≅0.33 °C).
  • Demonstrated superior transient and steady-state performance compared to traditional control methods.
  • Showcased tolerance to humidity variations without compromising control performance.

Conclusions:

  • The developed portable climate chamber serves as a reproducible physical twin for cold-chain research.
  • Enables accurate data generation for training predictive shelf-life and digital-twin models.
  • Contributes to reducing food waste through improved quality assessment and supply chain management.