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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Cognitive biases as interrupters in evidence based practice decision-making.

Jonathan D Eldredge1, Deirdre A Hill2

  • 1jeldredge@salud.unm.edu, Professor, Health Sciences Library and Informatics Center. Professor, Department of Family & Community Medicine, School of Medicine. Professor, College of Population Health University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.

Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Health Information Professionals (HIPs) frequently encounter cognitive biases like Status Quo and Authority. Experience in the profession influences the perception of certain biases, impacting decision-making.

Keywords:
Cognitive BiasDecision MakingEvidence Based PracticeGroup ProcessesHealth Information ProfessionalsHealth Sciences LibrarianshipInformaticistsLeadershipMedical Library Association

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Area of Science:

  • Information Science
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Cognitive biases can significantly impact professional decision-making.
  • Understanding these biases is crucial for Health Information Professionals (HIPs).
  • Previous research has identified common biases, but their prevalence among HIPs requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the most frequent cognitive biases observed in Health Information Professionals (HIPs) during decision-making.
  • To determine if professional experience influences the types of cognitive biases perceived in others' decisions.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study surveyed 149 leaders within the Medical Library Association.
  • Participants were presented with 24 common cognitive biases relevant to decision-making contexts.
  • Data were analyzed to identify bias frequency and correlations with years in the profession.

Main Results:

  • The most frequently observed cognitive biases were Status Quo, Sunk Costs, Novelty, Professionology, Authority, Worst-Case Scenario, and Group Think.
  • Four biases—Authority, Naïve Realism, Overconfidence, and Status Quo—showed statistically significant differences in frequency based on years of experience.
  • Four of the identified biases overlapped with findings from a 2007 study, indicating persistent patterns.

Conclusions:

  • This study highlights prevalent cognitive biases affecting HIPs' decision-making processes.
  • Findings provide a foundation for developing targeted mitigation strategies for common biases.
  • Recommendations are offered to guide the profession in addressing cognitive biases in decision-making environments.