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Cohesion

Cohesion

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a surface,...

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Printing Thermoresponsive Reverse Molds for the Creation of Patterned Two-component Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture

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Programmable tissue-adhesive hydrogels with temporal and spatial selectivity.

Lei Liang¹, Hong Zhang¹, Fanglian Yao^1,2,3

¹School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China. li41308@tju.edu.cn.

Chemical Society Reviews

|November 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue-adhesive hydrogels (TAHs) offer advanced biomedical solutions by integrating multi-scale design principles for enhanced tissue adhesion. Future research focuses on overcoming clinical translation challenges for multifunctional bioactive adhesive systems.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Tissue-adhesive hydrogels (TAHs) are crucial for biomedical applications, requiring sophisticated design strategies.
Challenges include dynamic wet environments, controlled adhesion, and interfacial interactions in vivo.
Universal solutions are insufficient; customized frameworks integrating multi-scale engineering are necessary.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in tissue-adhesive hydrogels (TAHs).
To identify key challenges hindering the clinical translation of TAHs.
To propose future research directions for TAH development and application.

Main Methods:

Review of multi-scale design principles for hydrogel adhesion.
Analysis of microscale physical/chemical interactions.
Examination of molecular-scale modifications (hydrophobic segments, topological entanglements) and macroscale structural patterning.

Main Results:

TAHs have evolved from simple adhesion enhancers to multifunctional bioactive systems.
Multi-scale design principles systematically optimize hydrogel adhesion.
Advancements integrate polymer science, materials science, and biomedical engineering.

Conclusions:

Rational design of TAHs enables programmable, multi-dimensional adhesion.
Overcoming clinical translation barriers is essential for practical biomedical use.
Bridging fundamental research with clinical application is a key future direction.