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Related Concept Videos

Electrogravimetric Analysis: Overview01:30

Electrogravimetric Analysis: Overview

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Electrogravimetric analysis measures the weight of an analyte deposited electrolytically onto a suitable working electrode. This method involves applying a potential to a pre-weighed electrode submerged in a solution, which results in the desired substance being deposited through reduction at the cathode or oxidation at the anode. The electrode's weight is recorded after deposition, and the difference in weight gives the analyte's weight in the solution.
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Electrodeposition01:08

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Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
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Long-Term Operando Quantification of Li Plating on Graphite Anodes.

Yingao Zhou1, Hongxin Lin1, Cong Zhong2

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 14, 2025
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Quantifying lithium plating in batteries using NMR spectroscopy reveals its link to degradation. Additives like VC suppress plating, while high temperatures improve reversibility but worsen SEI formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Lithium plating on graphite anodes is a critical safety and degradation issue in lithium-ion batteries.
  • Non-destructive quantification of lithium plating is essential for understanding battery aging mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify lithium plating evolution (onset, amount, reversibility) in LiFePO4/graphite batteries using operando NMR.
  • To investigate the impact of temperature and electrolyte additives on lithium plating and battery degradation.

Main Methods:

  • Operando variable-temperature electrochemical solid-state 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Cycling of LiFePO4/graphite batteries at 25 and 45 °C with different electrolytes (including VC and LiDFOB additives).
  • Monitoring Coulombic efficiency (CE) and state of health (SoH) alongside NMR measurements.

Main Results:

  • A three-stage lithium plating trend was observed across battery cycles.
  • Coulombic efficiency drops strongly correlate with increased lithium plating and dead lithium formation.
  • Vinylene carbonate (VC) suppressed plating and dead lithium, while LiDFOB initially delayed plating but led to abrupt degradation.
  • Elevated temperatures improved plating reversibility but intensified SEI formation and reduced cycle life.

Conclusions:

  • Lithium plating is a key driver of battery degradation, linked to electrolyte decomposition and SEI growth.
  • Electrolyte additives and temperature management strategies can mitigate lithium plating, but require careful optimization.
  • Understanding plating dynamics is crucial for developing safer and longer-lasting energy storage systems.