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A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation
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Coronary Sinus Reducer Implantation in a Patient With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Defibrillator

Daniele Di Lorenzo1, Sergio Falato2, Francesco Terracciano3

  • 1U.O.C. Cardiologia e UTIC, P.O. Santa Maria della Pietà, Nola, Italy. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/LorenzoDi27616.

JACC. Case Reports
|November 14, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Coronary sinus reducers (CSR) offer a safe and effective treatment for refractory angina, even in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy and defibrillator (CRT-D) devices. This minimally invasive procedure improves myocardial perfusion and quality of life.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Coronary sinus reducers (CSR) are stainless steel stents placed in the coronary sinus to improve blood flow to the heart muscle.
  • CSR therapy aims to enhance myocardial perfusion in ischemic subendocardial regions by narrowing the coronary sinus and promoting arteriolar dilation.
Abstract

Keywords:
heart failurereducerrefractory anginastructural interventions

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