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Accelerated 3D Mapping of Whole Brain Venous Oxygenation With Nested-Shift Under Sampling and ESPIRIT Reconstruction
Yiwen Hong1, Dengrong Jiang2, Yi Zhang1
1Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|November 14, 2025
Summary
A new 3D TRU-VERA sequence non-invasively maps whole-brain venous oxygenation (Yv) with high resolution. This method offers reproducible and accurate Yv quantification crucial for understanding brain diseases.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Medical Physics
- Radiology
Background:
- Cerebral venous oxygenation (Yv) mapping is vital for diagnosing and managing brain diseases.
- Current methods for Yv quantification face limitations in resolution and coverage.
- Non-invasive techniques are needed for comprehensive assessment of brain oxygen metabolism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and optimize a 3D T2-Relaxation-Under-Velocity-Encoding-and-Rapid-Acquisition (TRU-VERA) sequence for whole-brain Yv quantification.
- To assess Yv in both cortical and deep cerebral veins.
- To improve the accuracy and reproducibility of non-invasive Yv measurements.
Main Methods:
- Tested various k-space under-sampling strategies and reconstruction methods for Yv estimation.
- Optimized the 3D TRU-VERA sequence using Cartesian k-space under-sampling with ESPIRIT reconstruction.
- Validated the optimized sequence against established methods (TRUST, 2D TRUPC) and assessed reproducibility.
Main Results:
- The optimized 3D TRU-VERA sequence achieved high resolution (1.04×1.04×2 mm³) in under 8 minutes.
- Strong correlations were observed between 3D TRU-VERA and TRUST/TRUPC for Yv measurements.
- Excellent reproducibility was demonstrated with low coefficients of variation for both large and cortical veins.
Conclusions:
- The 3D TRU-VERA sequence provides high-resolution, reproducible, and non-invasive assessment of whole-brain venous oxygenation.
- This technique enables vessel-specific Yv quantification for comprehensive evaluation of regional cerebral oxygen metabolism.
- The developed sequence holds significant potential for clinical applications in brain disease research and diagnostics.
