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Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

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When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
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Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
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Physics-based parameterisation framework for basal melting in ice-ocean boundary layers over dynamically stable

T Jayasankar1,2, A Jenkins1

  • 1University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Communications Earth & Environment
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Basal melt in ocean models is overestimated due to suppressed heat transfer. A new physics-based framework improves predictions for ice sheet stability and sea level rise.

Keywords:
Cryospheric sciencePhysical oceanography

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Glaciology
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Accurate basal melt prediction is critical for assessing ice sheet stability and sea level rise.
  • Observations at Thwaites Glacier show low melt rates despite warm ocean waters, attributed to weak vertical mixing and density stratification.
  • Current basal melt parameterizations in ocean models overestimate melt rates in such conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revisit and improve basal melt parameterization in ocean models.
  • To investigate the impact of pycnocline stratification on ice-ocean heat transfer.
  • To develop a more accurate physics-based parameterization framework.

Main Methods:

  • Applied an ice-ocean boundary current model to a horizontal ice base.
  • Simulated a boundary layer over a dynamically stable pycnocline.
  • Analyzed heat transfer and melt rate predictions under varying current speeds.

Main Results:

  • The pycnocline's low diffusivity restricts heat transfer, leading to overprediction of melting in models, particularly with weaker currents.
  • Reducing boundary layer depth can mitigate overprediction, but an upper melt rate limit is a more effective solution for slower currents.
  • The proposed physics-based framework better emulates observed ice-ocean interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Standard basal melt parameterizations require adjustment for stratified ocean conditions.
  • Prescribing an upper melt rate limit is recommended for scenarios with slow currents.
  • The developed physics-based framework offers a more accurate approach for modeling basal melt and its impact on ice sheets.