Exploring MXene Materials in Energy Storage Devices: A Review of Supercapacitor Applications

The pursuit of advancements in energy storage is critical to making human activities more efficient and practical. Supercapacitors (SCs) are a promising alternative, offering high power density and long cycle life. The efficiency of these devices largely depends on the careful selection of materials for their electrodes and electrolytes. MXene, an emerging class of two-dimensional materials composed of transition metal carbides and nitrides, have shown significant potential as electrodes for energy storage devices. This review covers MXene electrodes in supercapacitors, integrating computational and experimental results. Based on the data from the reviewed literature, computational studies indicate capacitance values ranging from 8.19 μF/cm² to 3293.00 μF/cm² and from 252.2 F/g to 291.5 F/g. Experimental studies, in turn, report capacitance values from 26 F/g to 556 F/g and voltage windows reaching up to 1.4 V. The study explores their structural and electrical properties and their applicability in high-performance devices. Finally, we discuss the challenges in MXene research, highlighting current difficulties and providing insights into opportunities and future directions for developing more efficient energy storage solutions.