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Validating wearable step counts in multiple sclerosis research: a replication study.

Myla D Goldman1, Shanshan Chen2, Bhavana Kunisetty3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.

Frontiers in Neurology
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wearable step trackers show reliable associations with clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This data can aid in monitoring mobility and improving patient care.

Keywords:
Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]accelerometeractivity monitoringmultiple sclerosiswearables

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Mobility impairment is a common and significant challenge for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), impacting their quality of life.
  • Wearable technology offers a promising avenue for tracking mobility and monitoring functional decline in MS patients.
  • Limited studies have compared the reliability of wearable mobility data across different devices in MS populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reliability of step count data from different wearable devices in MS patients.
  • To examine the associations between step count data and clinical outcomes, including disability, walking speed, and patient-reported measures.

Main Methods:

  • Two independent cohorts of MS patients were utilized, one with Fitbit wrist sensors (CA cohort, n=97) and another with ActiGraph hip sensors (VA cohort, n=61).
  • Average daily step counts were analyzed for reliability and correlated with clinical measures such as the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW).
  • Patient-reported outcomes, including the MS Walking Scale (MSWS-12) and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), were also assessed.

Main Results:

  • Similar average daily step counts were observed between the CA (5,478 steps/day) and VA (6,010 steps/day) cohorts.
  • Step count variability decreased with increasing EDSS in both cohorts.
  • Significant correlations were found between step counts and EDSS, T25FW, MSWS-12, and MFIS in the VA cohort, consistent with findings from the CA cohort. Within-subject reliability over 7 days was moderate (ICC=0.599).

Conclusions:

  • Step count data from different wearable devices demonstrate replicable associations with clinical and patient-reported outcomes in MS.
  • These findings underscore the potential of wearable step count data as digital biomarkers for clinical monitoring, rehabilitation, and patient self-management in MS.