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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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Establishing New Pediatric Thresholds for Digits-In-Noise Testing.

Morgan McBride1, Allyson Dunlap1, Siva Chinnadurai2,3

  • 1University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota USA.

Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tablet-based digits in noise (DIN) testing shows potential for identifying pediatric conductive hearing loss (CHL). However, current sensitivity requires improvement before widespread clinical use as a screening tool.

Keywords:
conductive hearing lossdigits in noisehearing screeningmobile hearing assessmentpediatric audiologypediatric hearing losssensorineural hearing losstablet audiometrytechnology

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Audiology
  • Hearing Diagnostics
  • Mobile Health Technology

Background:

  • Conductive hearing loss (CHL) in children requires accurate and accessible diagnostic methods.
  • Traditional audiometric evaluations can be time-consuming and require specialized equipment.
  • Tablet-based hearing tests offer a potential alternative for screening and diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of tablet-based digits in noise (DIN) testing for identifying CHL in children.
  • To determine if specific pediatric diagnostic criteria can be established using DIN testing.

Main Methods:

  • 149 children (aged 3-18) underwent conventional audiometry and tablet-based DIN testing.
  • DIN testing included diotic and antiphasic stimuli presented via a Samsung Galaxy tablet.
  • Results were correlated with audiometric diagnoses of CHL versus normal hearing (NH).

Main Results:

  • Two parameters identified CHL with high positive predictive value (76%, 95%) and good specificity (81%, 98%).
  • Sensitivity for detecting CHL was poor (39%, 22%).
  • Pediatric DIN testing did not differentiate CHL from NH as effectively as in adults.

Conclusions:

  • Tablet-based DIN testing shows promise but requires significant improvements in sensitivity.
  • Further refinement is needed before DIN testing can be reliably used as a pediatric CHL screening tool.