In vivo CAR-T cell engineering: concept, research progress, potential challenges and enhancement strategies.

Area of Science:

• Immunotherapy
• Cellular Therapy
• Gene Therapy

Background:

• Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy is a revolutionary immunotherapy for cancer and other diseases.
• Traditional adoptive CAR-T therapy faces challenges in manufacturing, cost, and accessibility.
• Expanding applications necessitate innovative therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in in vivo CAR-T therapy.
• To compare in vivo CAR-T therapy with traditional adoptive CAR-T therapy.
• To discuss the risks and challenges associated with in vivo CAR-T therapy.

Main Methods:

• In vivo programming of CAR-T cells using gene delivery via viruses or nanoparticles.
• Review of current literature on in vivo CAR-T therapy advancements.
• Comparative analysis of in vivo and adoptive CAR-T therapy approaches.

Main Results:

• In vivo CAR-T therapy simplifies manufacturing and therapeutic procedures.
• This approach reduces treatment costs and enhances patient accessibility.
• Potential for broad clinical application in various diseases.

Conclusions:

• In vivo CAR-T therapy presents a promising alternative to traditional adoptive CAR-T therapy.
• Overcoming therapeutic risks and challenges is crucial for clinical translation.
• Enhancement strategies from adoptive therapy can guide in vivo CAR-T development.