Catalytic redox-neutral carboxylation with CO₂

Area of Science:

• Green Chemistry
• Catalysis
• Organic Synthesis

Background:

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a sustainable C1 building block for chemical synthesis.
• Carboxylic acids are vital in organic synthesis and industrial applications.
• Catalytic CO2 fixation is rapidly advancing for creating valuable organic compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the progress in catalytic redox-neutral carboxylation with CO2 over the last 20 years.
• To organize developments by substrate type, including C-X, C-H, and unsaturated substrates.
• To identify challenges and future research directions in CO2 carboxylation.

Main Methods:

• Summarizing catalytic systems for redox-neutral carboxylation.
• Categorizing reactions based on substrate types (C-X, C-H, unsaturated).
• Analyzing advancements in CO2 fixation strategies.

Main Results:

• Diverse catalytic systems have been developed for CO2 fixation.
• Redox-neutral carboxylation offers high atom economy and selectivity.
• Successful carboxylation achieved for C-X, C-H, and unsaturated substrates.

Conclusions:

• Catalytic redox-neutral carboxylation is a powerful method for synthesizing carboxylic acids from CO2.
• Significant progress has been made in the past two decades.
• Further research is needed to address remaining challenges and explore new avenues.