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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

Disagreeing respectfully: embracing complexity facilitates civil discourse.

Ariel Lefkowitz^1,2, Jerry M Maniate^3,4, Ayelet Kuper^1,2,5

¹Division of General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada.

Canadian Medical Education Journal

|November 19, 2025

Summary

Rising polarization impacts workplaces. Embracing complexity in civil discourse is crucial for physicians to navigate disagreements respectfully, ensuring patient safety and professional conduct.

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Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

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Published on: September 28, 2018

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

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Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

Area of Science:

Medical Ethics
Professional Communication
Healthcare Management

Background:

Increasing polarization and incivility negatively affect workplace dynamics, collegiality, and performance.
There is a growing need for improved communication and understanding within the medical profession.

Purpose of the Study:

To advocate for civil discourse in medicine.
To highlight the importance of embracing complexity in professional interactions.
To define the boundaries of professional conduct in healthcare settings.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis of civil discourse in medicine.
Examination of physicians' professional responsibilities and patient advocacy.
Distinguishing civil discourse from moral relativism and its misuse.

Main Results:

Embracing complexity fosters nuanced thinking and respectful dialogue among physicians.
Civil discourse principles clarify professional conduct, enabling advocacy while maintaining collegiality.
Physicians' professional rights are balanced by responsibilities to patients and colleagues.

Conclusions:

Civil discourse, grounded in complexity, is essential for effective physician communication and collaboration.
Physicians can advocate for patients and communities while upholding professional standards.
Respectful dialogue and nuanced understanding are key to safe and effective patient care.