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Related Concept Videos

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Building the bacterial flagellum: coordinating regulation, dynamic assembly, and function.

Rosa Einenkel1, Manuel Halte1, Shabduli A Sawant2

  • 1Institute of Biology - Molecular Microbiology, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR
|November 20, 2025
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Summary

This review explores bacterial flagella, focusing on Salmonella enterica. It highlights recent advances in structure, assembly, and regulation, inspired by Howard Berg

Keywords:
Salmonella entericaflagellummotilitytype III secretion system

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Bacterial flagella are complex rotary machines crucial for motility, sensing, and host interactions.
  • Understanding flagellar structure, assembly, and regulation is key to deciphering bacterial behavior.
  • Howard Berg's foundational work established principles of bacterial locomotion and chemotaxis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in the structure, assembly, and regulation of the flagellum in *Salmonella enterica*.
  • To highlight common principles and distinctive features of flagella across diverse bacterial species.
  • To contextualize current research within the legacy of Howard Berg's pioneering studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on bacterial flagellar systems.
  • Analysis of structural, genetic, and biophysical studies.
  • Synthesis of findings related to gene regulation, motor mechanics, and component structures.

Main Results:

  • Detailed insights into the hierarchical gene regulation governing flagellar assembly.
  • Advances in understanding the dynamic mechanics of the flagellar motor.
  • New structural information on core flagellar components.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial flagella exhibit conserved principles alongside species-specific adaptations.
  • Current research builds upon foundational work, revealing intricate details of flagellar function.
  • Further single-cell studies are needed to integrate motility within broader cellular processes.