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Climate Change and the Exposome in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Vânia Borba1, Pedro Carrera-Bastos2, Abihai Lucas Hernández3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Rehaklinik Dussnang, Thurgau, Switzerland.
Abstract:
Climate change is significantly reshaping the exposome-the sum of lifetime environmental exposures-by altering air quality, temperature, infectious disease patterns, and food and water systems. These shifts disrupt immune regulation and may contribute to autoimmune rheumatic diseases through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, dysbiosis, and trained immunity. This article synthesizes current evidence linking climate-related exposomal changes to immune dysfunction and disease risk. It highlights vulnerable populations, clinical and public health implications, and research priorities. A climate-informed exposome framework may support more equitable, anticipatory care in rheumatology as global environmental changes increasingly influence autoimmunity.
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