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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

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Epigenetic Therapeutics in Human Heart Failure.

Steven Leon1, Chia-Feng Liu2, W H Wilson Tang3

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Heart Failure Clinics
|November 20, 2025
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Summary

Epigenetics plays a crucial role in heart failure (HF) development. Novel epigenetic medications are emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating this widespread cardiovascular condition.

Keywords:
BET inhibitorsEpigeneticsHDAC inhibitorsHeart failure

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is a global health burden affecting systolic and/or diastolic heart function.
  • Rising HF prevalence necessitates innovative treatment strategies.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly recognized in HF pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging epigenetic-based medications for HF treatment.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of novel epigenetic drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current clinical development of epigenetic therapies for HF.
  • Summary of key findings from preclinical and clinical studies.

Main Results:

  • Several epigenetic modifications are implicated in HF.
  • Epigenetic drugs targeting these modifications show promise in early development.
  • This novel drug class offers a new avenue for HF management.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic dysregulation is a significant factor in HF.
  • Targeting epigenetic mechanisms represents a promising therapeutic frontier for HF.
  • Further research and clinical trials are essential to validate these novel treatments.