Molecular Biomarkers for Localized Prostate Cancer: Current Progress and Future Directions

This article examines the current landscape of molecular biomarkers for diagnosing localized prostate cancer (PCa), from the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test to newer blood, urine, or tissue-based biomarkers which can improve the accuracy of PCa diagnosis compared with PSA alone. The article further examines how tissue-based biomarkers are being used for predicting outcomes and affecting treatment decisions. These biomarkers have the potential to transform the clinical management of PCa, but future studies are needed to optimize and standardize their use in combination with other tests, including modern imaging, to provide maximum benefit to PCa patients.