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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
06:16

Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease

Published on: August 9, 2024

792

Diagnostic performance of coronary artery disease prediction model (CAD-score system) based on phonocardiogram: a

Miftah Pramudyo1,2, Ahmad Faried2,3, Mohammad Rizki Akbar1,3

  • 1Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|November 21, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Phonocardiography (PCG) using the CADScor® system shows potential for ruling out coronary artery disease (CAD). This meta-analysis found PCG to be a promising tool for non-invasive CAD assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Devices
  • Diagnostic Accuracy

Background:

  • Pre-test probability stratification for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) remains suboptimal.
  • Current diagnostic tests for CAD often yield normal results, leading to inefficiencies.
  • Acoustic devices measuring micro bruits from coronary stenosis show promise for CAD stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diagnostic value of phonocardiography (PCG) in detecting coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • To evaluate the accuracy of the CADScor® system in predicting CAD through a meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, EuropePMC, and ScienceDirect up to January 2025.
  • Eligible studies assessed the accuracy of PCG with the CADScor® system for CAD prediction.
  • Data from 4 studies involving 4,050 patients were included for meta-analysis.

Main Results:

  • The pooled sensitivity for PCG was 87% (95% CI, 80%-92%) and specificity was 35% (95% CI, 21%-52%).
  • The pooled negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.37 (95% CI, 0.25-0.55), indicating utility as a rule-out test.
  • The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.75-0.82), suggesting good discriminative ability.

Conclusions:

  • Phonocardiography (PCG) demonstrates potential as an effective rule-out tool for patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • The CADScor® system, utilizing PCG, may aid in non-invasively assessing the likelihood of CAD.
Abstract

Keywords:
chronic coronary syndromecoronary artery diseaseheartsoundphonocardiographypre-test probability

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