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Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

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Hand-gesture recognition using self-powered and single-electrode motion sensors fabricated with InN nanowires.

Jaehyeok Shin¹, Seunghwan Jhee¹, Sumin Kang¹

¹Department of Electronic and Information Materials Engineering, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Research Institute of Materials and Energy Science, and Research Center of Advanced Materials Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea. kjinsoo@jbnu.ac.kr.

Materials Horizons

|November 21, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed self-powered piezoelectric motion sensors (PMSs) using indium nitride (InN) nanowires and graphene. These single-electrode sensors accurately monitor hand-gestures for advanced human-machine interface applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Human-Machine Interface

Background:

Accurate human motion monitoring is crucial for advanced technologies like robotics and AI.
Existing human-machine interface (HMI) systems require precise hand-gesture recognition.
Piezoelectric motion sensors (PMSs) offer a pathway for developing effective HMIs.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop self-powered, single-electrode piezoelectric motion sensors (PMSs) for precise hand-gesture monitoring.
To investigate the performance and reliability of these sensors for practical HMI applications.
To demonstrate the potential of InN nanowire-based PMSs in sophisticated HMI technology.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of single-electrode PMSs utilizing semiconductor InN nanowires (NWs) and graphene.
Systematic analysis of sensor performance under varying strain, humidity, bending cycles, and operational time (up to 30 days).
Development of a 14-chip PMS module attached to finger joints for hand-gesture recognition.

Main Results:

The single-electrode configuration offers advantages in structural simplicity and reliability over double-electrode designs.
The developed PMSs demonstrated sufficient performance and stability for practical applications.
A 14-chip PMS module successfully distinguished hand-gestures related to object volumes (softball, baseball, golf ball).

Conclusions:

Single-electrode PMSs based on InN NWs are effective for precise hand-gesture monitoring.
These sensors show significant potential for advancing sophisticated human-machine interface technologies.
The developed technology contributes to the realization of next-generation robotics, AI, and IoT systems.