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Cloud fraction response to aerosol driven by nighttime processes.

Geoffrey Pugsley1, Edward Gryspeerdt1, Vishnu Nair1

  • 1Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BX, United Kingdom.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nighttime processes significantly impact aerosol effects on stratocumulus cloud fraction, while daytime processes are less influential. Aerosols thin clouds by day, but nighttime processes partially counteract this, affecting climate forcing assessments.

Keywords:
aerosolsclimateclouds

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Science
  • Cloud Physics

Background:

  • Aerosol-cloud interactions are a major source of uncertainty in climate forcing.
  • Stratocumulus clouds, crucial for climate, are influenced by diurnal cycles, yet studies often neglect nighttime behavior.
  • Understanding aerosol impacts on cloud fraction and liquid water path is vital for climate modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diurnal variation in cloud sensitivity to aerosols in stratocumulus clouds.
  • To differentiate the roles of nighttime and daytime processes in aerosol-cloud interactions.
  • To improve climate models by incorporating a more accurate representation of aerosol effects on clouds.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Lagrangian framework to analyze day-night variations in cloud properties.
  • Characterized the sensitivity of cloud fraction and liquid water path to aerosols.
  • Compared model-observation data, focusing on diurnal cycle representation.

Main Results:

  • Cloud fraction response to aerosols is primarily driven by nighttime processes.
  • Aerosols reduce daytime cloud fraction, an effect partially offset by nighttime processes.
  • Aerosol-induced precipitation suppression is most effective at night, coinciding with strongest stratocumulus precipitation.

Conclusions:

  • Nighttime processes are critical for determining the diurnal evolution of stratocumulus clouds and their radiative impact.
  • Accurate representation of the diurnal cycle and nighttime observations are essential for climate forcing assessments.
  • Findings inform the viability of marine cloud brightening strategies by highlighting the importance of nighttime cloud dynamics.