The Potential of Phytochemicals to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Metastatic Melanoma

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Dermatology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Metastatic melanoma is a lethal skin cancer with poor survival rates.
• Immunotherapies and targeted therapies have improved outcomes but face limitations due to multidrug resistance (MDR).
• Addressing MDR is crucial for enhancing treatment efficacy in metastatic melanoma.

Purpose of the Study:

• To extensively review the hallmarks of multidrug resistance (MDR) in metastatic melanoma.
• To highlight strategies for the reversal of MDR.
• To critically evaluate the clinical translation challenges of phytochemicals for metastatic melanoma and propose solutions.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review focusing on MDR mechanisms in melanoma.
• Analysis of existing and emerging phytochemicals with potential anti-melanoma activity.
• Evaluation of clinical translation hurdles and research gaps in melanoma treatment.

Main Results:

• Detailed exposition of MDR hallmarks and effective reversal strategies.
• Identification of challenges in translating phytochemicals into clinical practice for melanoma.
• Highlighting research gaps, such as the need for vascularized organ-on-a-chip models for melanoma.

Conclusions:

• Phytochemicals offer promising avenues for overcoming MDR in metastatic melanoma.
• Addressing identified research gaps and clinical translation challenges is essential for therapeutic advancement.
• Novel approaches, including advanced in vitro models, are needed to accelerate phytochemical development for melanoma.