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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

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Imagery Rescripting: an update of the treatment protocol.

Arnoud Arntz1

  • 1Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Academic Center for Trauma and Personality, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Behaviour Research and Therapy
|November 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) is a therapeutic technique for distressing memories and fantasies. An updated protocol, focusing on therapist-led initial sessions and targeting memory hotspots, enhances its effectiveness for various conditions.

Keywords:
Early memoriesImagery RescriptingPost-traumatic stress disorderPsychotherapyTraumaTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Trauma Therapy

Background:

  • Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) is a transdiagnostic intervention for treating aversive memories and fantasies.
  • The original ImRs protocol was published over 25 years ago.
  • Recent clinical and research findings necessitate an updated ImRs protocol.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and discuss the updated Imagery Rescripting protocol.
  • To detail modifications based on new clinical and research insights.
  • To offer practical guidance for applying ImRs in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • The updated protocol emphasizes therapist-led rescripting in early sessions, shifting to patient-led sessions later.
  • Rescripting is directed to the memory's "hotspot" or most distressing part.
  • Standardized questions and specific rescripting techniques are employed to deepen emotional processing and enhance corrective experiences.

Main Results:

  • The updated protocol has been developed and tested, particularly for childhood trauma.
  • The paper addresses potential clinical challenges and offers solutions.
  • Variations for adult trauma, nightmares, pathological grief, and future catastrophe fears are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • The updated ImRs protocol incorporates significant changes, including session structure and focus on memory hotspots.
  • The technique's working mechanism is clarified, emphasizing it does not rely on installing false memories.
  • Practical resources, including a treatment rationale and patient handout, are provided.