Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

4.4K
The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
4.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting for unprotected left main stenosis: 10-year final results from the randomised, open-label, non-inferiority NOBLE trial.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same author

Workflow-based Framework to Aid with High-Definition Intravascular Ultrasound-Optimised Coronary Stenting: Introducing IVUS 123 Essentials.

Interventional cardiology (London, England)·2026
Same author

PCI of Native Coronary Artery vs Saphenous Vein Graft After Prior Bypass Surgery: A Multicenter, Randomized Trial.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2025
Same author

Complications Following Retrieval of an Embolized Guide Catheter Tip Following Left Main Bifurcation PCI.

JACC. Case reports·2025
Same author

Impact of Anatomical and Viability-Guided Completeness of Revascularization on Clinical Outcomes in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2024
Same author

Operational relevance of the Sydney Declaration: The example of the Australian Federal Police (AFP) Forensics Command.

Forensic science international·2024
Same journal

Optimizing Utilization and Minimizing Risk: The Next Era of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices.

Interventional cardiology clinics·2026
Same journal

Foreword.

Interventional cardiology clinics·2026
Same journal

Future Directions in Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support for Cardiogenic Shock: Novel Devices and Evolving Therapeutic Paradigms.

Interventional cardiology clinics·2026
Same journal

Prevention and Management of Acute Limb Ischemia when Using Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices.

Interventional cardiology clinics·2026
Same journal

Prevention and Management of Hemolysis when Utilizing Mechanical Circulatory Support.

Interventional cardiology clinics·2026
Same journal

Optimal Large-Bore Vascular Access and Closure for Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support in Cardiogenic Shock.

Interventional cardiology clinics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Addressing Practical Issues in Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Micro-Indentation on Human Articular Cartilage Explants
08:06

Addressing Practical Issues in Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Micro-Indentation on Human Articular Cartilage Explants

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.4K

Proximal Cap Ambiguity.

Simon J Walsh1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.

Interventional Cardiology Clinics
|November 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details safe techniques for crossing the proximal cap of chronically occluded coronary arteries. Advanced intravascular imaging and maneuvers improve procedural success for percutaneous coronary intervention.

Keywords:
Chronic total occlusionIntravascular ultrasoundProximal cap

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
10:23

Author Spotlight: Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Published on: September 8, 2023

3.6K
Dissection, MicroCT Scanning and Morphometric Analyses of the Baculum
04:32

Dissection, MicroCT Scanning and Morphometric Analyses of the Baculum

Published on: March 19, 2017

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Addressing Practical Issues in Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Micro-Indentation on Human Articular Cartilage Explants
08:06

Addressing Practical Issues in Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Micro-Indentation on Human Articular Cartilage Explants

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.4K
Author Spotlight: Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
10:23

Author Spotlight: Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Published on: September 8, 2023

3.6K
Dissection, MicroCT Scanning and Morphometric Analyses of the Baculum
04:32

Dissection, MicroCT Scanning and Morphometric Analyses of the Baculum

Published on: March 19, 2017

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a common treatment for coronary artery disease.
  • Chronic total occlusions (CTO) present unique challenges during PCI, particularly at the proximal cap.
  • Angiographic visualization of the proximal cap is often insufficient for safe navigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and outline strategies for safely approaching and crossing the proximal cap of CTOs.
  • To enhance the understanding of techniques for resolving angiographic ambiguity in CTO lesions.
  • To improve the safety and efficiency of PCI for CTOs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and techniques for CTO intervention.
  • Description of supplementary intravascular imaging modalities, such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).
  • Explanation of advanced guidewire and catheter manipulation techniques.

Main Results:

  • Angiographic ambiguity of the proximal cap is a significant barrier in CTO PCI.
  • Intravascular imaging provides critical anatomical detail not visible on angiography.
  • Advanced techniques can successfully resolve ambiguity and facilitate cap crossing.

Conclusions:

  • Safe and effective crossing of the proximal cap is paramount for successful CTO PCI.
  • The integration of intravascular imaging and advanced techniques improves procedural outcomes.
  • These strategies are essential for interventional cardiologists managing complex CTOs.