Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 10, 2026
Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease
Published on: July 3, 2018
Diagnostic Value of Long Non-Coding RNA NORAD in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Diagnostic Biomarker Study
Wenhao Xin1, Qiang Li1, Xianzhu Deng1
1Department of Cardiology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, People's Republic of China.
Insights
NORAD, a long non-coding RNA, shows promise as a novel biomarker for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Its levels correlate with inflammatory markers, suggesting a role in ACS development.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) diagnosis is challenged by limitations of current biomarkers like troponins.
- Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cardiovascular diseases, including inflammation and atherosclerosis.
- Identifying novel, non-invasive biomarkers is crucial for timely ACS diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the diagnostic potential of four specific lncRNAs (NORAD, MIR181A1HG, HEAT4, MERRICAL) in patients with ACS.
- To investigate the correlation between these lncRNAs and key inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in ACS patients.
Main Methods:
- Serum samples from 156 ACS patients and 100 non-CAD controls were analyzed, with an independent validation cohort.
- Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure lncRNA levels.
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) measured inflammatory cytokines; logistic regression and ROC analysis assessed diagnostic performance.
Main Results:
- NORAD and MIR181A1HG were significantly upregulated in ACS patients compared to controls.
- NORAD emerged as an independent predictor of ACS, demonstrating good diagnostic accuracy (AUC=0.726) that improved when combined with traditional risk factors.
- NORAD levels showed a positive correlation with Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-6.
Conclusions:
- NORAD is a potential non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for acute coronary syndrome.
- The findings suggest NORAD's involvement in ACS pathogenesis, potentially through inflammatory pathways.
- Further research into NORAD's role could lead to improved diagnostic strategies for ACS.
Purpose:
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), a critical condition with high morbidity and mortality, lacks reliable non-invasive biomarkers for timely diagnosis. Traditional biomarkers like troponins lack sensitivity in unstable angina, and troponin levels often remain within the normal range in the early phase of myocardial infarction. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), implicated in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, may serve as novel biomarkers. This study evaluated four lncRNAs (NORAD, MIR181A1HG, HEAT4, MERRICAL) for ACS diagnosis and their correlation with inflammatory cytokines [Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)].
Patients And Methods:
A total of 156 ACS patients and 100 non-coronary artery disease (CAD) chest pain patients were enrolled from April 2021 to April 2023, with an independent validation cohort (36 ACS and 24 non-CAD) recruited from May to August 2023. Serum levels of lncRNAs were measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR; normalized to GAPDH), and inflammatory cytokines via Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Multivariable logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and Spearman correlation were used to assess diagnostic performance and associations.
Results:
NORAD (P<0.0001) and MIR181A1HG (P=0.0279) were significantly upregulated in ACS patients, whereas HEAT4 and MERRICAL did not differ significantly. Multivariate regression identified NORAD as an independent predictor of ACS [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.567, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.724-3.823, P<0.001]. ROC analysis showed NORAD alone achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.726 (95% CI 0.661-0.790), with sensitivity 81.1% and specificity 56.0% at the optimal cutoff. Incorporating NORAD into a model with traditional risk factors improved diagnostic accuracy (AUC: 0.700 vs 0.763, P=0.024), validated in the independent cohort (AUC: 0.823 vs 0.690, P=0.015). NORAD levels correlated positively with IL-1β (R=0.40, P<0.001) and IL-6 (R=0.34, P<0.001), but not TNF-α.
Conclusion:
NORAD is a promising diagnostic biomarker for ACS. Its correlation with inflammatory cytokines underlying its involvement in ACS pathogenesis.
More Related Videos
18:11A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
Published on: December 28, 2012
06:16Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
Published on: August 9, 2024
Related Concept Videos
01:30Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies
02:39lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
02:39lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
01:30Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction
01:19Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
01:20Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...