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Characterizing Deep Brain Stimulation Dual Device Beat Frequency Artifacts.

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    Beat frequency artifacts (BFAs) arise from mismatched stimulation frequencies in dual deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices. These artifacts contaminate neural signals, posing challenges for adaptive DBS (aDBS) development.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Recording-enabled deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices treat neurological disorders.
    • Current DBS systems are limited to two brain leads, necessitating bilateral implantable pulse generators (IPGs) for research.
    • Mismatched clock rates between dual IPGs cause beat frequency artifacts (BFAs), contaminating neural signals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify beat frequency artifact (BFA) intervals in local field potential (LFP) recordings from patients with dual implantable pulse generators (IPGs).
    • To investigate the impact of continuous DBS (cDBS) and adaptive DBS (aDBS) on BFA intervals.
    • To identify challenges and propose strategies for adaptive DBS algorithm development in dual-device scenarios.

    Main Methods:

    • Analyzed LFP recordings from 26 patients with dual IPGs.
    • Quantified BFA intervals during both continuous DBS (cDBS) and adaptive DBS (aDBS) modes.
    • Assessed the relationship between stimulation frequency mismatches and BFA intervals.

    Main Results:

    • BFAs occurred in all patients when both IPGs were active, with intervals ranging from 112 seconds to 30 minutes.
    • Smaller stimulation frequency differences correlated with longer BFA intervals.
    • Switching to aDBS reduced the BFA interval to 30 seconds in one patient.

    Conclusions:

    • BFAs are an inherent challenge in dual-device DBS, arising from stimulation frequency mismatches.
    • BFAs must be considered in LFP analysis and adaptive DBS algorithm design.
    • Mitigation strategies, such as careful channel selection and timing adjustments, are crucial for future aDBS development.