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Do auditory deviants evoke cortical state changes under anaesthesia? A proof-of-concept study.

Laura H Bohórquez1,2,3, Manuel S Malmierca1,2,3, Adam Hockley1,2,3,4

  • 1Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca, Spain.

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Sensory deviants trigger unique cortical Up states in anaesthetised rats, suggesting these states explain mismatch responses during sleep and anaesthesia. This research sheds light on predictive coding and neural processing.

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Up stateauditory cortexcortical slow oscillations

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Predictive coding explains sensory processing via prediction errors from stimulus mismatches.
  • Downstream effects of prediction errors on neural processing remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the cortical processing of sensory prediction errors.
  • Characterize the neural responses to deviant stimuli in anaesthetised rats.

Main Methods:

  • Electrocorticography (ECoG) was recorded in five urethane-anaesthetised rats.
  • An auditory oddball paradigm was used to present standard and deviant stimuli.
  • Cortical slow oscillations and their relationship to deviant stimuli were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Deviant stimuli evoked prolonged, all-or-nothing cortical responses, identified as evoked cortical Up states.
  • These evoked Up states were distinct from spontaneous Up states and not triggered by standard stimuli.
  • Evoked Up states occurred more frequently after recent spontaneous Up states compared to spontaneous Up states alone.
  • Preliminary data from awake rats showed no spontaneous or evoked long-latency Up states.
  • Anaesthetic depth significantly influenced the presence and reliability of spontaneous and evoked Up states.

Conclusions:

  • Sensory deviants can induce shifts in cortical state under anaesthesia.
  • Evoked cortical Up states may represent the neural mechanism for long-latency mismatch responses observed in anaesthesia and sleep.
  • This study provides insights into the downstream processing of prediction errors within the predictive coding framework.