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Updated: May 5, 2026

Novel Production Protocol for Small-scale Manufacture of Probiotic Fermented Foods
Published on: September 10, 2016
Effects of Whey and Plant-Based Additives on Technological and Microbiological Characterization of Fermented
Maciej Bartoń1, Robert Waraczewski1, Siemowit Muszyński2
1Department of Animal Food Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
Abstract:
This study evaluates fermented raw-dried pork snacks enriched with plant-based functional ingredients-lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus), rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalis), rosehip (Rosa canina), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), and a hemp-derived CBD oil (Cannabis sativa)-produced from pork, with addition of cow sour whey and salt. We use "human grade" descriptively (compliance with human-food hygiene/microbiological requirements; no AAFCO/labeling claim). Functional enrichment modulated viscoelasticity (G', G″), texture, water activity, density, and color. CBD oil softened the structure, increasing chewability and springiness, whereas TPA metrics were analyzed only for variants within the instrument range (control, CBD, rosehip). All variants reached aw < 0.90 and tested negative for Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in 25 g. Safety inferences are limited to aw- and pathogen-based criteria. Sea buckthorn showed the highest aw, while rosehip displayed the highest total viable counts (~108 CFU/g); microbiological results are reported descriptively without inferential statistics. Density was the highest for lion's mane and rosehip. Proximate composition varied (e.g., higher protein with rosemary oil; higher fat/moisture with sea buckthorn) but was assessed by FoodScan™ 2 as screening-level data. Overall, selected botanicals enabled targeted structure-texture modulation without breaching predefined safety targets under the tested conditions.
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