Overcoming Oral Cavity Barriers for Peptide Delivery Using Advanced Pharmaceutical Techniques and Nano-Formulation...

Area of Science:

• Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Biotechnology
• Drug Delivery

Background:

• Therapeutic peptides offer high specificity and safety but face challenges in oral administration.
• Gastrointestinal instability, enzymatic degradation, and poor absorption limit oral peptide bioavailability.
• Parenteral administration is common but reduces patient compliance and convenience.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore innovative strategies for oral peptide delivery, focusing on the oral cavity as an alternative administration route.
• To investigate the potential of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for enhancing oral peptide stability, retention, and permeation.
• To evaluate niosomes as a promising nanocarrier for oral peptide delivery.

Main Methods:

• Review of nanoparticle-based delivery systems including liposomes, niosomes, chitosan, and PLGA nanoparticles.
• Analysis of nanocarrier mechanisms for protecting peptides from degradation and enhancing mucosal penetration.
• Evaluation of niosomes for encapsulation efficiency and sustained release potential.

Main Results:

• Nanoparticle systems protect peptides from enzymatic degradation and improve mucoadhesion.
• Engineered nanocarrier properties facilitate enhanced mucosal penetration.
• Niosomes demonstrate high encapsulation efficiency and sustained release, suitable for oral peptide delivery.

Conclusions:

• The oral cavity offers a viable alternative route for peptide delivery, bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism.
• Nanotechnology, particularly niosomes, provides effective strategies to overcome oral peptide delivery barriers.
• Further clinical translation requires addressing biocompatibility, manufacturing scalability, and patient acceptance for non-invasive peptide therapies.