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Interaction of Red Cabbage Extract with Exogenous Antioxidants.

Kacper Kut1, Oskar Sitarz1,2, Ireneusz Kapusta3

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International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 27, 2025
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Summary

Interactions between red cabbage extract and antioxidants vary by assay and conditions. Glutathione showed synergy in the FRAP assay, suggesting enhanced reactivity in complex systems.

Keywords:
TEMPOLTroloxadditivityantagonismantioxidant interactionascorbic acidgallic acidglutathionered cabbagesynergy

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Area of Science:

  • Food chemistry and biological systems
  • Antioxidant research
  • Phytochemical interactions

Background:

  • Understanding antioxidant interactions is crucial for biological and food systems.
  • Anthocyanin-rich extracts, like red cabbage, are potent natural antioxidants.
  • Exogenous antioxidants can modulate the activity of plant extracts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate interactions between red cabbage extract and various antioxidants.
  • To determine how reaction time, concentration, and ratio affect these interactions.
  • To assess interactions in both ABTS• decolorization and FRAP antioxidant assays.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized anthocyanin-rich red cabbage extract.
  • Tested interactions with natural (ascorbic acid, gallic acid, glutathione) and synthetic (Trolox, TEMPOL) antioxidants.
  • Employed ABTS• decolorization and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays.
  • Varied reaction time, concentration, and extract/antioxidant ratio.

Main Results:

  • Interaction type depended on assay, time, and ratio, not concentration over a 6-fold range.
  • ABTS• assay: additive (Trolox), weakly antagonistic (ascorbic acid, gallic acid, glutathione), antagonistic (TEMPOL).
  • FRAP assay: additive (ascorbic acid, Trolox), weakly antagonistic (gallic acid, TEMPOL), synergistic (glutathione).

Conclusions:

  • Multiple assays under varied conditions are needed to fully characterize antioxidant interactions.
  • Glutathione's synergistic interaction with red cabbage extract in FRAP suggests enhanced Fe3+ reduction capacity in complex environments.
  • Results highlight the context-dependent nature of antioxidant synergy and antagonism.