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Point of Care Testing, Rapid Next Generation Sequencing and Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric and Neonatal
Alessandra Cianflone1, Luigi Coppola1, Pasquale Primo1
1UOS Laboratori di Ricerca e Biobanca, UOC Ricerca Clinica e Traslazionale, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, Via Teresa Ravaschieri, n.8, 80129 Naples, Italy.
Insights
Pediatric laboratory medicine requires specialized approaches due to children
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Laboratory Medicine
- Clinical Diagnostics
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Laboratory tests are vital for diagnosing and treating diseases in children.
- Pediatric patients have unique physiological and developmental needs impacting lab testing.
- Accurate results require consideration of developmental stages, small sample volumes, and timely reporting.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advanced diagnostic technologies in pediatric laboratory medicine.
- To highlight tools supporting neonatal and pediatric intensive care units.
- To explore the role of artificial intelligence in accelerating pediatric diagnostics.
Main Methods:
- Review of advanced diagnostic technologies like next-generation sequencing and point-of-care testing.
- Focus on innovations applicable to neonatal and pediatric intensive care.
- Analysis of artificial intelligence applications in diagnostic workflows.
Main Results:
- Advanced technologies offer improved diagnostic capabilities for pediatric conditions.
- Innovative tools can enhance care in critical pediatric settings.
- Artificial intelligence shows promise in speeding up pediatric diagnostic processes.
Conclusions:
- Specialized diagnostic approaches are essential for pediatric laboratory medicine.
- Emerging technologies, including AI, are poised to transform pediatric diagnostics.
- Accelerated and accurate diagnostics are crucial for early intervention in children.
Abstract:
Laboratory tests play a crucial role in the diagnostic process for both adults and children. Indeed, they are essential for evaluating health status and formulating effective treatment strategies in the presence of disease. However, in the case of pediatrics, distinct physiological and developmental features of children should be taken into account when compared to adults. Consequently, it is necessary to consider some factors, such as reference intervals that vary significantly at different stages of development due to sexual development, cerebral maturation, and biological and environmental influences; furthermore, it must be considered that extremely small volumes of biological samples are often necessary to obtain accurate laboratory results. Finally, timely test results are critical, especially for pediatric conditions that are treatable when diagnosed early. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of advanced diagnostic technologies, including rapid next-generation sequencing and complex point-of-care testing, within the context of pediatric laboratory medicine. Special attention is given to diagnostic tools that support neonatal and pediatric intensive care units, with a focus on how innovative technologies, particularly those utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms, can accelerate diagnostic workflows.
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