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[Late sequelae after surgical treatment of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and throat].

Ugeskrift for laeger·2026
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Retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction management with botulinum toxin A.

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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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[Retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction].

Kristine Grubbe Gregersen1, Dalia Gustaityte Larsen2, Padraig O'Leary2

  • 1Afdeling for Øre-Næse-Halskirurgi og Audiologi, Københavns Universitetshospital - Rigshospitalet.

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|November 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction, a syndrome causing inability to burp, is effectively treated with botulinum toxin injections. This review highlights current knowledge to improve patient care and awareness.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction (RCD) is a recently defined syndrome.
  • It is characterized by inability to burp, bloating, chest discomfort, and social limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present current knowledge on RCD from Danish treating centers.
  • To raise clinician awareness for improved patient referral and care.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical history and exclusion of other conditions.
  • Treatment involves botulinum toxin injection into the cricopharyngeal muscle.

Main Results:

  • Botulinum toxin injection provides immediate and long-term relief for most RCD patients.
  • Review consolidates knowledge from Danish centers.

Conclusions:

  • RCD is a distinct clinical syndrome requiring increased awareness.
  • Botulinum toxin is an effective treatment option for RCD.