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MdDREB2A Negatively Modulates Apple Resistance Against Alternaria alternata by Inhibiting MdPR Genes Expression.

Chana Bao^1,2, Gege Qin², Chen Liu²

¹Northwest A&F University ShenZhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

Plant, Cell & Environment

|November 28, 2025

Summary

A key transcription factor, MdDREB2A, suppresses apple immunity against leaf spot disease by inhibiting pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Understanding this interaction offers new strategies for developing disease-resistant apple cultivars.

Keywords:

A. alternata MdDREB2A MdPR10 apple disease resistance

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Area of Science:

Plant Pathology
Molecular Biology
Plant-Microbe Interactions

Background:

Leaf spot disease, caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali, significantly impacts apple production.
Pathogenesis-related (PR) genes are vital for plant immunity, but their regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of MdDREB2A, a transcription factor, in apple's defense against Alternaria alternata.
To elucidate the regulatory network involving MdDREB2A and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in apple immunity.

Main Methods:

DAP-seq analysis to identify direct targets of MdDREB2A.
ChIP-qPCR, EMSA, and dual-luciferase assays to confirm gene regulation.
Analysis of MdDREB2A overexpression and knockdown plants for disease susceptibility.

Main Results:

MdDREB2A negatively regulates apple resistance to A. alternata by suppressing MdPR10 gene expression.
Overexpression of MdDREB2A increased susceptibility, while knockdown enhanced resistance.
MdDREB2A directly binds to and inhibits the transcription of three MdPR10 genes, which possess antifungal activity.

Conclusions:

MdDREB2A acts as a negative regulator of defense against A. alternata in apple.
The repression of MdPR10 genes by MdDREB2A diminishes antifungal resistance.
This finding provides a novel target for developing apple cultivars resistant to leaf spot disease.