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Graphene oxide (GO) enhances drought tolerance in apple plants by improving physiological responses and root development. This nanomaterial offers a promising strategy for sustainable apple cultivation in arid regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene oxide (GO) is a nanomaterial with potential applications in agriculture.
  • The specific mechanisms by which GO influences drought stress responses in apple plants are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of graphene oxide (GO) on the drought tolerance of M9-T337 apple plants.
  • To elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying GO-mediated drought stress mitigation.

Main Methods:

  • Application of varying concentrations of GO (0.1 and 1 mg/L) to M9-T337 apple plants under short-term and long-term drought stress.
  • Assessment of physiological parameters including electrolytic leakage, MDA content, photosynthetic rate, and antioxidant enzyme activities.
  • Analysis of root system development, accumulation of compatible solutes (e.g., proline), and gene expression related to stress response.

Main Results:

  • Under short-term drought, GO reduced cellular damage (electrolytic leakage, MDA) and enhanced antioxidant capacity (enzyme activities, ROS scavenging).
  • Under long-term drought, GO improved photosynthesis and promoted root growth, significantly boosting plant drought tolerance.
  • GO application led to increased levels of key amino acids and upregulation of stress-responsive genes (MdCAT2, MdPOD2, MdDREB2A, MdERF1, MdABI1).

Conclusions:

  • Graphene oxide effectively enhances the drought tolerance of M9-T337 apple plants through multiple physiological and molecular pathways.
  • GO application represents a viable strategy for improving apple crop resilience in water-limited environments.
  • This research provides foundational insights into the use of nanomaterials for sustainable agriculture in arid regions.