Comparing [18F]-PSMA-1007, [18F]-choline positron emission tomography, computerized tomography and bone scintigraphy...

Prostate cancer (PC) remains a significant public health concern in developed countries. Following initial treatment, patients may experience biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (BRPC), defined by an increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. [18F]-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) has shown greater accuracy in detecting clinical prostate cancer recurrence (CPCR), however most evidence comes from retrospective case series with limited prospective studies comparing this novel molecule to conventional diagnostic methods in developed countries.

A prospective observational, descriptive, analytical study of concordance analysis between imaging methods was conducted on a sample of patients with BRPC following curative or first-line treatment.

Seventy-seven patients with BRPC were analyzed. Imaging studies revealed positive results in 6% of computerized tomographies (CT), 12% of bone scintigraphies (BS), 35% of [18F] choline PET scans, and notably in 84% of [18F] PSMA 1007 PET scans (X2 = 22.7, DF = 3; p <0.0001). A significant relationship was observed between the positivity of [18F] PSMA 1007 PET/CT and increasing PSA levels, reaching 100% with PSA ≥ 2 ng/mL.

[18F] PSMA 1007 PET demonstrated high efficacy in localizing recurrent PC in BRPC patients compared to CT, BS, and [18F] choline PET, allowing for better restaging of patients with BRPC compared to CT, BS, and [18F] choline PET.