Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 10, 2026
Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Surface Defects of Remover Retreatment File After Single and Multiple Uses
Published on: October 11, 2024
The Effect of Different Single-file Systems in Reciprocating and Rotary Motion on the Incidence of Dentinal
Anjali Dhull1, Nimish Tyagi2, Himanshu Tomar3
1Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalka Dental College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: +91 9811705643; 8409171918,
Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the occurrence of dentinal microcracks produced by nickel-titanium (NiTi) single-file systems used in both continuous rotational and reciprocating motions.
Materials And Methodology:
A total of 65 mesial roots from mandibular molars, measuring 18-22 mm in length and containing two canals with closed apices, were selected for the study. Five served as the control group (group I), while 60 were divided into two experimental groups: Group II (Reciprocating files - Reciproc and WaveOne Gold) and group III (rotary files - One Shape and XP-Endo Shaper). In the control group, coronal flaring was carried out exclusively using X-Gates drills. All canals were negotiated with a #10 K-file using 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. A glide path was created with a #15 K-file in experimental groups before instrumentation with the respective systems. Roots were sectioned horizontally at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex using a water-cooled diamond disc. Sections were examined under a stereomicroscope, and microcrack formation was assessed by comparing pre- and post-instrumentation images.
Results:
There was no significant difference in the occurrence of cracks among the control group, Reciproc group, WaveOne Gold group, One Shape group, and XP-Endo Shaper group. The p-values were 0.410 at 3 mm, 0.343 at 6 mm, and 0.350 at 9 mm, were was non-significant. The means of the One Shape file and XP-Endo Shaper file at 3 mm were 16.5 and 14.5, respectively, and at 6 and 9 mm were 17 and 14, respectively. The means of the One Shape file and Reciproc at 3 mm were 16.07 and 14.93, at 6 mm were 16.03 and 14.97, and at 9 mm were 14.9 and 16.1, respectively. The means of the Reciproc and WaveOne Gold file at 3 mm were 14.93 and 16.07, respectively, and at 6 and 9 mm were 15.97 and 15.03. The means of XP-Endo Shaper File and WaveOne Gold file at 3 mm were 14.5 and 16.5, respectively, at 6 mm were 14 and 17, and at 9 mm were 15 and 16. The results were statistically non-significant between the groups, as the p-value > 0.05.
Conclusion:
The WaveOne Gold system caused the most complete microcracks in the coronal third (9 mm), followed by Reciproc and One Shape. One Shape produced the highest number of incomplete cracks, especially in the middle third (6 mm), followed by Reciproc and WaveOne Gold. In the apical third (3 mm), complete cracks were observed with Reciproc, while incomplete cracks appeared across One Shape, Reciproc, and WaveOne Gold. The XP-Endo Shaper showed no microcracks at any level, indicating the least dentinal damage, though differences were not statistically significant.
Clinical Significance:
The WaveOne Gold file system leads to microcracks at various lengths of root canal, followed by Reciproc and then One Shape file system. Rotary XP-Endo Shaper leads to no or minimal microcracks. How to cite this article: Dhull A, Tyagi N, Tomar H, et al. The Effect of Different Single-file Systems in Reciprocating and Rotary Motion on the Incidence of Dentinal Microcrack Formation: An In Vitro Stereomicroscopic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(9):890-897.
More Related Videos
07:42Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
Published on: December 20, 2024
07:09In situ Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint
Published on: March 7, 2014
